Sexual Behavior and Anatomy in Porpoises
- Behavior
- Natural history
Abstract
Among the taxonomic family of porpoises (Phocoenidae), mating behavior in nature has been described in detail only for the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). We review this species’ unusual mating habits based on a study in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, and present new data from across its range in the North Pacific, North Atlantic, Black Sea, and managed care. Results confirm the male’s unique laterality oriented solely to the female’s left side as contact occurred both in nature and managed care. The male’s high-energy sexual approach to the female led to splashy aerial behavior at the surface in nature. Drone footage provided observations of subsurface mating behavior, including evidence of male–male sexual interactions and a male calf interacting sexually with its mother. Harbor porpoise reproductive anatomy is also presented, with new comparative information on the vaquita (Phocoena sinus). The harbor porpoise’s lateralized behavior and anatomy (i.e., long asymmetric penis, large testes size, convoluted asymmetric female reproductive tract) may have coevolved. We note gaps in knowledge, suitable platforms for future investigations (drones, bridges, boats, and coastal cliffs), and what is known about mating behavior in other porpoise species, including hybridization. We conclude with conservation implications for porpoises and encourage researchers to recognize and report mating behavior as baseline data valuable for establishing marine conservation areas.
Webber, M.A., Keener, W., Wahlberg, M., Elliser, C.R., MacIver, K., Ortiz, S.T., Jakobsen, F., Hamel, H., Rieger, A., Siebert, U. and Dunn, H., 2023. Sexual behavior and anatomy in porpoises. Sex in cetaceans.
natural history
Marc Webber
Bill Keener
Meet The Experts
{"image":"\/People\/Portrait\/cropped-images\/marc-webber-0-196-1204-940-1618436847.jpg","alt":"Marc Webber","title":"Marc Webber","text":"Cetacean Field Research Associate","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/person\/marc-webber","link_text":"Read Bio"}
{"image":"\/People\/Portrait\/cropped-images\/bill-keener-0-0-3030-2314-1601930964.jpg","alt":"Bill Keener","title":"Bill Keener","text":"Cetacean Field Research Associate","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/person\/bill-keener","link_text":"Read Bio"}
Related Publications
{"image":"\/Animals\/Patients\/Harbor seals\/hs-by-bill-hunnewell-c-the-marine-mammal-center.jpg","alt":"harbor seal in a life preserver enrichment item","title":"Enrichment as a Tool for Rehabilitating Harbor Seals","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/publications\/enrichment-as-a-tool-for-rehabilitating-harbor-seals","label":"Research Paper"}
{"image":"\/Animals\/Wild\/Harbor porpoise\/cropped-images\/harbor-porpoises-foraging-by-marc-webber-c-the-marine-mammal-center-4-0-1276-996-1618438446.jpg","alt":"harbor porpoises eating a large fish","title":"Prey-Related Suffocation in Harbor Porpoises","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/publications\/prey-related-suffocation-in-harbor-porpoises","label":"Research Paper"}
{"image":"\/Animals\/Wild\/Harbor porpoise\/cropped-images\/harbor-porpoises-aerial-view-badge-by-marc-webber-c-the-marine-mammal-center-0-88-1280-999-1618509985.jpg","alt":"Harbor porpoises seen from above","title":"Coevolution of Asymmetric and Spiraled Genitalia with Unique Mating Behavior","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/publications\/coevolution-of-asymmetric-and-spiraled-genitalia-with-unique-mating-behavior","label":"Research Paper"}
Coevolution of Asymmetric and Spiraled Genitalia with Unique Mating Behavior
Read More{"image":"\/Animals\/Wild\/Harbor porpoise\/harbor-porpoise-shutterstock-2.jpg","alt":"harbor porpoise","title":"Harbor Porpoises Catching and Handling Large Fish","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/publications\/harbor-porpoises-catching-and-handling-large-fish","label":"Research Paper"}
Related News
{"image":"\/Animals\/Patients\/California sea lions\/2023\/cropped-images\/csl-thunder-photo-by-bill-hunnewell-c-the-marine-mammal-center-214-50-2868-2240-1713984238.jpg","alt":"California sea lion Thunder","title":"30 Percent of Patients in 2023 Experienced Some Form of Human or Dog Disturbance","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/news\/30-percent-of-patients-in-2023-experienced-some-form-of-human-or-dog-disturbance","label":"Press Release","date":"2024-04-24 02:00:00"}
30 Percent of Patients in 2023 Experienced Some Form of Human or Dog Disturbance
April 24, 2024
Read More{"image":"\/Animals\/Wild\/Elephant seal\/cropped-images\/elephant-seal-bull-shutterstock-640-0-3728-2911-1626818513.jpg","alt":"An elephant seal bull looks toward the ocean from a beach. ","title":"How Deep Do Elephant Seals Dive? And Other Ocean Trivia","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/news\/how-deep-do-elephant-seals-dive-and-other-ocean-trivia","label":"News Update","date":"2024-03-25 02:00:00"}
{"image":"\/Animals\/Wild\/Humpback whale\/cropped-images\/humpback-whale-breach-golden-gate-by-pilar-rodriguez-c-the-marine-mammal-center-noaa-permit-26532-647-0-1710-1336-1702426697.jpg","alt":"humpback whale breaches with Golden Gate Bridge in background","title":"The Marine Mammal Center Receives Grant from Ferris Olson Family Foundation for Ocean Stewardship","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/news\/the-marine-mammal-center-receives-grant-from-ferris-olson-family-foundation-for-ocean-stewardship","label":"Press Release","date":"2024-03-13 02:00:00"}
The Marine Mammal Center Receives Grant from Ferris Olson Family Foundation for Ocean Stewardship
March 13, 2024
Read More{"image":"\/Animals\/Wild\/Humpback whale\/cropped-images\/humpback-whales-feeding-photo-by-bekah-lane-c-the-marine-mammal-center-202-14-2724-2128-1709768938.jpg","alt":"two humpback whales surface while feeding","title":"Your Visual Guide to Whale Breaching, Lunge Feeding and Other Behaviors","link_url":"https:\/\/www.marinemammalcenter.org\/news\/your-visual-guide-to-whale-breaching-lunge-feeding-and-other-behaviors","label":"News Update","date":"2024-03-08 01:00:00"}
Your Visual Guide to Whale Breaching, Lunge Feeding and Other Behaviors
March 8, 2024
Read More