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Research
Evaluating Sense of Smell in California Sea Lions and Relevance to Domoic Acid

Domoic acid is an algal toxin that has caused neurologic disease and reproductive failure in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). In affected sea lions, necrotic neurons have bee…
Research
Identification of Candidate Protein Biomarkers Associated with Domoic Acid Toxicosis in Cerebrospinal Fluid of California Sea Lions

Since 1998, California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) stranding events associated with domoic acid toxicosis (DAT) have consistently increased. Outside of direct measurement of domoic a…
Research
Natural Exposure to Domoic Acid Causes Behavioral Perseveration in Wild Sea Lions:

Domoic acid is a naturally occurring algal toxin that causes neurological symptoms and mortality in exposed marine life. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are the most visible victims, …
Research
The Toxic Effects of Environmental Domoic Acid Exposure on Humans and Marine Wildlife

Biotoxins produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a substantial global threat to ocean and human health. Domoic acid (DA) is one such biotoxin whose negative impacts are forecasted to increase …
Research
Domoic Acid in Fetal Fluids of California Sea Lions

Domoic acid (DA) is a neuroexcitotoxic amino acid that is naturally produced by some species of marine diatoms during harmful algal blooms (HABs). The toxin is transferred through the food web from…
Research
Pinniped Electroencephalography: Methodology and Findings in California sea lions

This study was designed to identify abnormalities in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded from stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with suspected domoic acid (D…